Land Surveyor in Training (LSIT) Practice Exam

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• Field record keeping and documentation should include which items?
• A reduced level is defined as which?
• Which equation defines ellipsoid height h in GPS terms?
• To what precision should measurements be rounded according to the guideline?
• OPUS is an example of which surveying approach?
• Modern geodetic datums range from:
• In a static GPS survey, where is the base receiver placed?
• Hub stakes are protected by which types of stakes?
• Metes and Bounds description describes which aspect of a property?
• GPS technology uses which of the following technique(s) to determine location coordinates?
• Boundaries of state plane zones usually follow which feature?
• Which of the following best describes the function of a route survey in practice?
• Which acts laid the basic foundation for land development controls in the United States?
• In RTK surveys, how are differential corrections received?
• In differential leveling, which equation correctly expresses Height of Instrument (HI)?
• The 'epoch date' refers to the date associated with the coordinates of a control station. An epoch date is a necessary part of a complete datum or reference frame name, because coordinates can change with time.
• To meet 2nd Order specifications, which leveling staff specifications are required?
• Simple three parameter conversions between latitude, longitude, and height in different datums can be accomplished by conversion through Earth-Centered, Earth Fixed XYZ Cartesian coordinates in one reference datum and three origin offsets that approximate differences in rotation, translation and scale.
• If ellipsoid height h and geoid height N are known, how is orthometric height H computed?
• A level datum is defined as which?
• The State Plane Coordinate System (SPS or SPCS) is a set of 124 geographic zones or coordinate systems designed for what?
• What is the generally accepted definition of land development?
• Real-time kinematic requires a radio frequency link between a base station and the
• Which statement best describes horizontal datums?
• In leveling, the first observation is to a known point and is termed a backsight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the first observation?
• Which statement about conformal projections is correct?
• The map projection that distorts scale and distance except along the standard parallel is:
• Elevation or Floodplain Survey determines what?
• Which of the following is a primary purpose of the local comprehensive plan?
• Topographic surveys are primarily intended to map which aspects?
• Which statement best defines a vertical datum?
• Error sources for GPS usage are a. Satellite clock b. Ionosphere c. Receiver clock d. Satellite orbit e. Lower atmosphere f. Multipath. Which of the following is NOT listed as an error source?
• A close in leveling is defined as what?
• Why is the exact value of a measured angle or distance never known?
• Laser scanning in surveying is primarily used to?
• Laser scanning is particularly advantageous for which BIM-related tasks?
• What is the purpose of a witness stake?
• Which of the following are land surveying datum types?
• What is magnetic declination?
• What is the minimum number of NGS First or Second Order benchmarks required to establish the Elevation/Vertical control network?
• Datum conversions are accomplished by various methods. Complete datum conversion is based on seven parameter transformations that include:
• Along horizontal and vertical curve alignments, alignment stakes are placed how often?
• Which are examples of tidal datums?
• Which of the following are uses of geodesy?
• In construction staking, survey markers are referred to as what?
• Land Title refers to which of the following?
• A map projection that preserves angles locally but distorts other properties is known as?
• What is the approximate speed of light in the atmosphere used in GPS distance calculations?
• NAD27 and NAD83 are examples of which type of datum?
• On a conformal map, meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at what angle?
• Latitude lines measure what?
• What is the primary purpose of a control survey?
• What are the two main datums that form the foundation for navigation and transportation in the United States?
• Cadastral surveys typically involve which elements?
• What characterizes a raw data file in surveying data management?
• What does the network positional accuracy of a control point quantify?
• The Elevation Factor equation EF = R/(R+H+N) implies what about distortion at high elevations?
• Conical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• Geoid height N represents which quantity?
• What is a rhumb line?
• What is the primary purpose of an As-Built Survey?
• What is the projection called when the scale is the same in any direction at a point?
• Which expression correctly defines Elevation Factor?
• In geodesy, datums are sets of data. Which of the following statements is true?
• GPS coordinates calculated when satellites are clustered close together in the sky is described as:
• Which data model uses points and line segments to identify locations on the earth?
• In land surveying, UAS enhance data collection by using sensors that provide high-resolution images or LiDAR, alone or together, enabling what?
• Which statement best describes static GPS surveying?
• What is the geoid?
• Which statement about guard stakes is correct?
• Precise leveling is characterized by which statement?
• The reported local accuracy is an approximate average of the local accuracy values between this control point and other observed control points used to establish coordinates.
• Meridians are lines joining the poles and are also known as what?
• Which of the following is a route survey used for alignment of linear features?
• When is a backsight reading typically taken during leveling?
• If HI is 125.60 and FS is 9.20, what is the elevation?
• Which of the following is a stated goal of the comprehensive plan?
• Cadastral Survey is defined as which of the following?
• A Subdivision Plat is best described as which?
• Dilution Of Precision (DOP) is a measure reflecting which factor most directly?
• In the simple three-parameter datum conversion method, how many origin offsets are used?
• Which statement about GNSS equipment is true?
• What data outputs are produced by combining LiDAR and photogrammetry when collected by UAS?
• A GPS signal travel time from the receiver to the satellite is 67 milliseconds. Using a speed of light in the atmosphere of 186,000 miles per second, what is the approximate distance?
• Vertical datum data are gathered using which methods?
• A rhumb line is a path with constant bearing as measured relative to which reference?
• Which of the following is an example of a tidal datum?
• What is the field book used for in surveying?
• The local positional accuracy of a control point is a number that represents the uncertainty at the 95% confidence level in coordinates relative to what?
• Horizontal control surveys are established for which type of projects?
• The work of the surveyor is divided into which three phases?
• What is the minimum number of NGS first or second order benchmarks used for vertical control?
• Geodetic datums define the:
• OPUS, NOAA's Online Positioning User Service, provides free access to high-accuracy coordinates. Which organization operates OPUS?
• Which of the following describes a rhumb line’s cross-meridian behavior?
• Field Run Topographic Survey is the appropriate survey when which features are needed?
• Positional accuracy for primary horizontal and vertical control shall be reported as which terms?
• FS stands for which leveling term?
• Which description defines a turning point (TP) in leveling?
• GPS is a system that determines the precise location on Earth through which components?
• Planar projection produces which shape?
• Cylindrical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• Topographic Survey locates which types of features?
• What best describes a turning point (TP) in the leveling process?
• Which file format is commonly associated with vector geographic data?
• Which technique shall be utilized to establish elevations on the required project control points?
• A level surface is defined as which?
• A horizontal line is one that is:
• What does the raster data model use to represent locations on the earth?
• Which components are typically used together to establish project coordinates in GNSS surveying?
• How is the Grid-Magnetic angle typically depicted on a map?
• Primary project control involves which elements to establish control near and beyond the project site?
• Which technique is used to establish elevations on project control points?
• What is the Height of Instrument (HI) in leveling?
• What is a backsight (BS) in differential leveling?
• Which statement about Cylindrical Equal-Area projections is true?
• Gravity anomalies only occur when which of the following Earth contrasts are impacted?
• A run in leveling is defined as what?
• GNSS is a satellite-based system used to determine which geographic quantities?
• Horizontal control surveys, whenever feasible, are based on which type of observations?
• Which statement correctly contrasts raster and vector data models?
• Which activity is a stated focus of the comprehensive plan?
• Which category of error in measurements arises from human judgment or bias?
• What does the Grid Magnetic Angle measure?
• Azimuths are defined as what type of angles?
• Which term describes the surface of the oceans that would exist under gravity and rotation alone?
• Land survey coordinate systems are affected by which of the following?
• The Height of Collimation is defined as what?
• Which system provides the geodetic datum for horizontal coordinates in this context?
• Differential leveling is the method of measuring which?
• In a conformal map, which property is preserved locally?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 567.4 ft and a geoid separation of 123.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• Which statement about bearing notation is accurate?
• Which of the following is NOT a source of GPS error among common factors?
• The Line of Colimation is what?
• Remote Sensing Control Surveying includes measuring to compute a 3D position for location, orientation, and scale and includes which mapping techniques?
• State Plane coordinates are always found as:
• The horizontal datum is used to measure a position on the Earth's surface in coordinate systems such as latitude and longitude. Which statement best reflects this?
• Which statement correctly describes outward and return runs in leveling?
• Which map projection is NOT used to transform latitude and longitude into x (Easting) and y (Northing) coordinates?
• Which method is used to study the effects of Earth's gravitational field from space-based observations?
• What minimum specifications are required for GNSS receivers in surveying?
• For vertical/elevation heights, to which datum should the geodetic datum be referenced?
• Which practice is typical for construction surveys?
• What is the purpose of combining GNSS with ground-based control monuments and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in surveying?
• What force keeps planet earth in its orbit?
• Robotic Total Stations enable what capability compared to conventional total stations?
• How frequently are alignment stakes placed along tangents with uniform grade?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a purpose of the comprehensive plan?
• Which of the following best describes the seven-parameter datum transformation?
• Bench mark in surveying refers to which concept?
• Which description best defines a route survey in land surveying?
• A rhumb line is also known as which term?
• What does a Quantity Survey primarily measure?
• The elevation factor EF is defined as EF = R / (R + H + N). In the denominator, which terms are added to R?
• What is the main goal of field operations and computations?
• Fast-static surveys differ from traditional static surveys primarily in what aspect?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• Floodplain is defined as which?
• What is the minimum accuracy class/order for all level work?
• OPUS computes coordinates using which network?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 1467.4 ft and a geoid separation of -23.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• To achieve 2nd Order accuracy, what is the required vertical accuracy specification for 1 km of double-run leveling without a micrometer?
• Which statement best describes a Construction Survey?
• Network design aims to maintain a robust statewide control network using high-precision GNSS and geodetic leveling. This network provides the basis for the horizontal and vertical location of what?
• There are how many zones in the continental US according to the text?
• Geodetic datums and the coordinate reference systems were developed to describe geographic positions for:
• What is the elevation factor value for Earth’s radius R = 20,906,000 ft and local elevation H = 6,320 ft?
• Which statement best describes the bearing of a line?
• Azimuth values typically vary over what range?
• Which value is used for Earth’s radius R in the EF calculation example?
• A Total Station combines which functionalities?
• In the subdivision design/review process, which factor ensures the pedestrian path system links buildings with parking, open space, and facilities?
• What is a geodetic datum?
• Astronomic azimuth is based on which reference?
• In leveling, the last observation is called a foresight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the last observation?
• In the EF example, the local elevation used is?
• Which statement best describes tidal datums?
• The system uses a simple Cartesian coordinate system to specify locations. The error is less than: